Title

Research Abstracts (English)
Title:-	Sex and Cultural Differences in Performance On the Stroop Color and Word Test
Author:-	Dr. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:-	In B.M.Alansari (Eds.), The Kuwaiti Personality: Empirical Studies (1997), (pp215-237), Kuwait: Almanar Islamic Bookshop.
Objectives /Aims:-	This study aims at investigating the effect of sex and culture in performance on the Stroop Color and Word Test. It greater was hypothesized that females would display differential interference than males across cultures. Moreover, Kuwaiti college student would display greater interference than British college students.
Methods:Samples:-	-140 student from Kuwait university, Kuwait (60 males, 80 females). - 70 student from Aberdeen university (36 males &34 females).
* Tools:-	Stroop test version by Golden (1978).
Results:-	Kuwaiti subjects achieved higher interference than the British subjects, but no sinecure sex differences on Stroop interference. It was concluded that the stroop interference has no relationship to sex variables and best related to cultural variables in cognition.
Recommendation	- Discussed in the original paper.
Funding Institution:-

Title:-	Relationship Between Shyness and Cognitive Style as Measured by the Embedded Figures Test and the Stroop Test (Across Cultural Study)
Author:-	Dr. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:-	In B.M.Alansari (Eds.), The Kuwaiti Personality: Empirical Studies (1997), (pp239-268) Kuwait: Almanar Islamic Bookshop.
Objectives /Aims:-	The study examined the relationship between shyness and cognitive style derived from the Stroop Color-Word Test and the Embedded Figures Test across two different cultures. It was by hypothesized that a significant relationship would appear between shyness and cognitive style across cultures.
*Methods: Samples:-**	140 (60 males& 80 females) Kuwait undergraduate students from Kuwait university and 70 (36 males& 34 females) British undergraduate students from Aberdeen university.
* Tools:-	- Embedded figures Test , the Stroop test and the Cheek&Buss shyness scale
Results:-	- Indicated a significant relationship between the Stroop Test and the Embedded Figures Test for the Kuwaiti sample only however, no significant relationships between shyness and cognitive style measures appeared across both the British and Kuwaiti samples. It was concluded that the cognitive style measures has little relationship to personality and may best be understood in terms specific cognitive style.
Recommendation	- Discussed in the original paper.
Funding Institution:-

Title:-	Personality Correlates of the Embedded Figures Test: A Cross - Cultural Examination
Author:-	Dr. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:-	In B.M.Alansari (Eds.), The Kuwaiti Personality: Empirical Studies (1997) (pp269-281) Kuwait: Almanar Islamic Bookshop.
Objectives /Aims:-	This study examined the relationship between personality traits and the performance on the Embedded Figures Test across two different cultures.
*Methods: Samples:-**	Kuwaiti sample of (141) students (60 males 81 females) from Kuwait university & a British sample of (70) students (36 males &34 females) from Aberdeen university.
* Tools:-	Jones and Russell Social Reticence Scale, Leary Interaction Anxiousness Scale, Watson and Friend Social, Avoidance and Distress Scale. Gough CPI sociability subscale, Gough CPI Dominance subscale, and subscales from Krug Adult Personality Inventory (Craning, Adopting, Withdrawing Submission ,Hostility and Assertion), Witkin’s Eva bedded Figures Test, and Chesk & Buss Shyness Scale.
Results:-	-The correlations calculated between the Embedded Figures Test and 12 personality scales which yielded 12 correlations for each sample. Results indicated only one significant correlation between Withdrawing subscale and the EFT for the Kuwaiti sample. It was conduced that the Embedded Figures Test has little relationship to measures of personality and may best be understood in terms of specific cognitive style. Thus we are unable yet to predict some certain personality traits on the performance on the Embedded Figures Test.
Recommendation	We may conclude that we are unable yet to predict some certain personality variables in which it has not been examined in the literature.
Funding Institution:-

Title:-	Sex Differences in Psychological Differentiation: A Cross – Cultural Examination
Author:-	Dr. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:-	In B.M.Alansari (Eds.), The Kuwaiti Personality: Empirical Studies (1997), (pp283-295) Kuwait: Almanar Islamic Bookshop.
Objectives /Aims:-	The study was conducted in Britain and Kuwait in order to investigate sex differences on Psychological differentiation.
*Methods: Samples:-**	141 Kuwaiti undergraduate from Kuwait University (60 males & 81 females) and 70 British Student from Aberdeen University (36 males & 34 females).
* Tools:-	The Witkin’s Embedded Figures Test.
Results:-	- The results clearly indicate a significant sex differences in British and Kuwaiti undergraduate students. - The males appeared to be more field independent than females. - It seems that socialization biological and gentice factors are involved in psychological. -The results of the present study did support the sex differences in differentiation dimension in general.
Recommendation	- In the light of the implicative sex differences associated with these distinction, future studies could fruitfully explore their origins.
Funding Institution:-

Title:-	Sex and Cultural Differences in perceptual Differentiation Cognitive Style
Author:-	Dr. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:-	In B.M. (Eds.), The Kuwaiti Personality: Empirical Studies (1997), (pp297-313) Kuwait: Almanar Islamic Bookshop.
Objectives /Aims:-	The study was conducted in Britain and Kuwait in order to investigate sex and Cultural differences in perceptual differentiation.
*Methods: Samples:-**	Kuwaiti sample of (141) student from Kuwait University (60 males 81 females). A British sample of (70) students from Aberdeen University (36 males &34 females).
* Tools:-	The Embedded Figures Test (EFT), within, Oltman, Raskin and Karp.
Results:-	- There are significant differences between sexes in both samples are consistently more differentiated than females. - The prediction that British subjects would achieve a higher level of perceptual differentiation was confirmed by the present results - Results support the hypothesis that British subjects would be more perceptually –differentiated than Kuwaiti subjects. The results also clearly indicate a significant sex differences in British and Kuwaiti undergraduate students. The males appeared to be more field independent than females.
Recommendation	- Discussed in the original paper.
Funding Institution:-

Title:-	The psychometric Properties of NEO Five- Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-S) based on the Kuwaiti Society
Author:-	Dr. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:-	Psychological Quarterly (1997), 7 pp (277-310), Cairo, Egypt.
Objectives /Aims:-	The aim of the present project is to test psychometric properties version of the NEO Five- Factor Inventory. (Costa & Mccrae, 1992).
*Methods: Samples:-**	The samples: one consisting of 200 subjects, the second consisting of 1005 subjects and the Third consisting of 2584 subjects.
* Tools:-	The NEO-FFI-S, EPQ.
Results:-	- Internal consistency were acceptable only for the neuroticism & conscientiousness Scales. - (11) First order Function were extracted and (3) second order Factors were extruded. - Evidence was found that the (NEO-FFI-S) is not valid and reliable scale to assess the Five –Factor model of personality in general. - Implications point to the need to reconsider the Factorial structure of the (NEO-FFI-S).
Recommendation	- To test the NEO-FFIS-S in anther Arabic culture.
Funding Institution:-	Kuwait University , Research Administration , Grant No. AP030.

Title:-	The Development of an Arabic Version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)
Author:-	Dr. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:-	Journal of Counseling Psychology (2001), 14, p.p119-172, Eein Shames University Egypt.
Objectives /Aims:-	The aims of the present study is to develop an Arabic version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)) (Beck & Steer, 1974), to test its psychometric properties and to assess hopelessness among Kuwait University students. The scale consisted of (20) items (true/false). Ten studies were carried out in order to achieve the study objectives.
*Methods: Samples:-**	The Samples Consisted of (277), (300), (170), (139), (114), (107), (360), (274), (74) and (50) undergraduate students from both sexes administered the BHS.
* Tools:-	The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), NEO-PI-R, EPQ, BDI, LOT, STAI-T, Guilt, Shame, KUOPS, Unrealistic optimism scale.
Results:-	1- The satisfactory psychometric properties were carried out of the different samples. 2- The scale internal consistency was ranged from 0.70-0.97 across nine different samples. 3- Regarding the factor structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale, four factors have been extracted among two different samples, 4- Hopelessness significantly positively correlated with depression, anxiety, guilt, shame, pessimism, neuroticism, and negatively correlated with optimism and unrealistic optimism 5- Significant gender difference was reported in hopelessness in which females scored higher then males in hopelessness in general.
Recommendation	The potential usefulness of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in therapeutic, school, Athletic, business, and research settings were discussed.
Funding Institution:-	Kuwait University – Research Administration Grant No. AP041

Title:-	The Assessment of Optimism and Pessimism their Relationship to Personality Variables among Kuwait University Undergraduates.
Author:-	Dr. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:-	(Accepted in 10/2001) Annals of Arts and Social Sciences Kuwait University.
Objectives /Aims:-	The present study is set to examine optimism Undergraduate and pessimism among Kuwait University undergraduates and their relationships to personality variables such as Depression, hopelessness , anxiety , obsession , guilt, shame , unrealistic optimism , extraversion , neuroticism , Psychotism , lay , agreeableness, conscientiousness , as well as the gender differences and the prevalence of optimism and pessimism.
*Methods: Samples:-**	Eleven independent samples from Kuwait University from both sexes were used in this study in order to achieve the study objectives. The first sample consists of (212) students answered to an open ended question procedure, the second sample consists of (7) psychologist administered the Optimism and Pessimism Scale in order to assess its face. The following samples consists of (382), (1015), (295) (160), (162), (247) (307), (325) and (104). The third forth Kuwait University respectively in order to assess the scale, internal consistency, and to assess the correlation between optimism and Pessimism with personality variables and validity item analysis, validity, and gender differences.
* Tools:-	- KUOPS, EPQ, NEO, BHS, BDI, KUAS, GUITI, SHAM, DAS.
Results:-	*The study finding are:* 1. The scale has satisfactory psychometric properties in different samples. 2. The scales internal consistency ranged from 0.90-0.96 across ten different samples. 3. Regarding the factor structure of the Optimism and scale, four factors have been extracted from male; three factors have been extracted from females. 4. Optimism significantly positively correlated with unrealistic optimism, extraversion and lay , and negatively correlated with hopelessness, depression , anxiety , guilt, shame , obsession , pessimism , and neuroticism significant positive correlation between pessimism and depression , hopelessness, neuroticism , anxiety , guilt, obsession , shame, and a significance negative correlation between pessimism and optimism , unrealistic optimism extraversion and lay . 5. Significant gender difference was detected in optimism. Results were discussed in reference to the notion that optimism and pessimism are better reconsidered as representing two partially independent but correlated traits. Implications of the findings were discussed.
Recommendation	- Discussed in the original paper.
Funding Institution:-	Part of this study was supported by a grants from Kuwait University – Research Administration Grants No. ( AP022 , AP030 , AP036 , AP037 , AP039 , AP041)

Title:-	The Assessment of Situational Remorse and it’s Correlates with Personality Variables among Kuwaiti Undergraduates From Both Sexes *
Author:-	Dr. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:-	Damascus University Journal for Educational Sciences (2001), 17, 2, p.p39-86 Syria.
Objectives /Aims:-	The aims of this study is to introduce remorse in the Arabic literature as a distinctive personality trait, to develop a remorse scale in Kuwaiti society . To be used as a diagnostic tool and in research , to assess remorse among Kuwaiti undergraduates, as well as it’s correlates with some personality variables such as embarrassment, shame ,shyness, extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness.
*Methods: Samples:-**	Four independent samples from Kuwait University undergraduates: - First sample consists of (317) students administered the open question procedure. - The second sample consists of (780) students administered the Situational Remorse Scale in order to assess it’s reliability, validity and gender differences in remorse. - The third sample consists of (425) student in order to assess the additional examination of the internal consistency. The forth sample consists of (335) students in order to assess the correlation between remorse and some personality variables and the structure of all variables .
* Tools:-	emorse scale, Guilt scale, shame scale, NEO, Embarrassment scale, shyness scale.
Results:-	1. The satisfactory psychometric properties were carried out of the Situational Remorse Scale. 2. The scale internal consistency was ranged from, 87-, 94 across different samples. 3. Regarding the factor structure of the Situation Remorse Scale, six factors have been extracted among males and eight factors have extracted among female. 4. Remorse significantly positively correlated with guilt, shame, embarrassment, and conscientiousness. 5. Regarding the factor structure of all personality variables, two factors have been extracted (guilt factor, and shyness vs. extroversion factor). 6. A significant gender difference was reported in which females showed higher degree of remorse than males. 7. A significant was reported between high and low groups in remorse, in which the high group showed higher degrees of guilt, shame, embarrassment, and conscientiousness.
Recommendation	The potential usefulness of the situational Remorse Scale in therapeutic, school, Athletic, business, and research settings wet discussed
Funding Institution:-	Kuwait University – Research Administration, Grant No. AP036

Title:-	The Development and Validation of Unrealistic Optimism Scale among College Students From Both Sexes in Kuwait.
Author:-	Dr. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:-	Psychological Quarterly (2001), 11, (2), pp (193-243).
Objectives /Aims:-	a) To introduce unrealistic optimism in the Arabic literature as a distinctive personality trait. b) To develop an unrealistic optimism scale in order to assess unrealistic optimism in Kuwait society to be used as diagnostic tool and in research. c) To assess unrealistic optimism among Kuwaiti college students. d) To examine its correlates with some personality variables.
*Methods: Samples:-**	The samples: (270), (425), (360) , (185) , (162) , (644) and (274)College student from Kuwait.
* Tools:-	UOS, KUOPS, BHS, BDI, SS, GS, KUAS, PAI, Lot, STAI-T, OCS.
Results:-	1. The scale has satisfactory psychometric properties in different sample. 2. The scales, internal consistency ranged from. 72-89 across four different samples. 3. Regarding the factor structure of the Unrealistic Optimism scale two factors have been extracted across two different samples. 4. Unrealistic optimism significantly positive correlation with optimism, and negatively correlated with hopelessness, depression, anxiety, guilt, shame, obsession, somatic complains, pessimism, and suicidal ideation. 5. No significant gender difference was detected in unrealistic optimism.
Recommendation	The Potential usefulness of the unrealistic optimism was discussed.
Funding Institution:-	Kuwait University, Research Administration, Grant No. AP039

Title:-	The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale: A Study of its Validity and reliability and correlates among samples from Kuwait University undergraduates
Author:-	Dr. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:-	(Accepted in 4/2002) at the Faculty of Arts Journal, Alexandria University, Egypt 2002).
Objectives /Aims:-	The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and correlates of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS) as a measure of anxiety trait.
*Methods: Samples:-**	- The samples consisted of (500),(810),(278),(235),(96).(106),(98),(104) and (160) undergraduate students from both sex administered the KUAS in order to assess reliability , validity , gender differences , and the correlation between anxiety and personality variables .
* Tools:-	-KUAS, BDI, BHS, DAI, KUOPS, EPQ , DA, DF, STAXI-T.
Results:-	1. The KUAS had satisfactory psychometric properties in different samples. 2. The scale's internal consistency ranged from. 0.76-0.93 across ten different samples and 0.79 (test-retest) denoting good internal consistency and stability. 3. Regarding the factor structure of the KUAS, three factors for males and four factors for females have been extracted among two different studies. 4. Anxiety score was significantly positively correlated with depression, hopelessness, anger, stress, suicide ideation, aggression, antisocial behavior, egocentricity, health concerns, obsessive compulsive, dental anxiety, dental fear, pessimism, neuroticism, and negatively correlated with optimism and curiosity. 5. Significant gender difference was reported in anxiety in which females scored higher than males on the total KUAS Score.
Recommendation	- Discussed in the original paper.
Funding Institution:-	Part of this study was supported by a grants from Kuwait University – Research Administration Grants No. (AP041- OP01/00-OP02/00).

Title:	Gender Differences in Dental Fear among Kuwait University Undergraduates.
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:
Objectives/ Aims:	This Study aimed at determining the gender differences in dental fear among the undergraduate Students of Kuwait.
Methods: Samples:	The Study used two independent samples of undergraduate student , the first comprising of 174 males and the second of 458 females
Tools:	the dental fear component was assessed by applying the dental fear survey(DFS), the DFS exhibited a significant positive correlation to dental Anxiety Self-Test DAST, and CDAS
Results:	The results showed a significant gender difference , with females scoring higher than males in dental fear. This was found to be such items as expectation of much painful dental work , fear of dentistry (unspecified ), Physical abuse by dentist or assistant and overall total negative score.
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. OP02/00.

Title:	Anxiety Among University Undergraduate in Some Arab Countries: Across-cultural Comparative Study
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:	Derasat Nafseyah , Vol. 14, No. 3,pp.337-370. July2004.
Objectives/ Aims:	The present study investigated Cultural differences in anxiety among volunteer undergraduates recruited from nine Arab countries; Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Emirates, Oman, Egypt, Palestine (Nablus and Gaza), Jordan, Syria, Lebanon
Methods: Samples:	The final sample included 3,064 respondents distributed among the 9 countries: Kuwait, Kuwait University (324); Saudi Arabia, King Faisal University (300); UAE, United Arab Emirates University (208); Oman, Sultan Qaboos University (304); Egypt, Alexandria University (300); Syria, Damascus University (346); Lebanon, Lebanese University (300); Palestine, University of Al-Najah (285); Jordan, Yarmouk University (253).
Tools:	The KUAS anxiety scale was used
Results:	1- The results shows increase level of anxiety in Jordanian, Egyptians then, following Palestinians, Syrians, Omanies, Saudies, Lebanese, Emiraties and finally Kuwaities. 2- The Kuwaities people are higher in anxiety than Emiraties and less than Egyptians and Palestinians, Jordanians, while no significant differences in anxiety between Kuwaites, Saudies , Omanies , Syrians, Lebanese in anxiety. 3- The Saudis are significantly more anxious comparing with Emirates, and less anxious from Egyptians, Palestinians, Jordanians, Syrians while no significant differences between Saudies , Omanies , Lebanese and Kuwaitis. 4- Emiraties are less anxious from Omanies, Egyptians, Palestinians, Jordanians, Syrians, Kuwaities and Studies, while no significant differences between Emiraties and Lebanese. 5- Omanies are more anxious comparing to Emiraties and less from Egyptians, Palestinian, Jordanian, while there were significant differences between Omanies, Kuwaities, Saudies, and Lebanese. 6- Egyptians people are more anxious than Kuwaitis, Studies, Emiraties, Omanies, Syrians, and Lebanese, while there were no significant differences between Egyptians, Palestinians and Jordanians. 7- Palestinians more anxious than Kuwaiti, Emiraties, Omanies, Syrians, and Lebanese, while there were no significant differences between Palestinians, Jordanians and Egyptians. 8- Jordanians are more anxious than Kuwaities, Saudies, Emiraties, Omanies, Syrians and Lebanese while there were no significant differences between Jordanian, Egyptians and Palestinian. 9- Syrians are more anxious than Saudies, Emiraties, Lebanese and less than Egyptians, Palestinians and Jordanians, while there were no significant differences between Syrians, Kuwaities and Omanies. 10- Lebanese are less anxious than Egyptians, Palestinian, Jordanians and Syrians, while there were no significant differences between Lebanese, Kuwaities, Saudies , Emiraties and Omanies.
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. (OP03/04).

Title:	Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Items Characteristics among Undergraduate Students of Nineteen Islamic Countries.
Author:	Dr. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:
Objectives/ Aims:	To test across-19 Islamic countries of the Beck Depression Inventory BDI-II internal consistency.
Methods: Samples:	Samples of male and female undergraduates recruited from nineteen Islamic Countries: Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Saudis, Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, U.A. Emirate, Oman, Yamen, Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, Morocco and Pakistan ( N= 600, 270, 479, 841, 943, 780, 781, 356, 230, 360, 333, 590, 735, 275, 291, 298, 300, 706 &532).
Tools:	Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II).Arabic version.
Results:	The inventory seems valiable in the Arabic context its use in cross-cultural research may be explored.
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. (OP03/04).

Title:	Gender Differences in Health Symptoms among Kuwait University College Student
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:
Objectives/ Aims:	This study aims examining gender differences in health symptoms among Kuwait College student.
Methods: Samples:	A stratified sample of (945) undergraduate students of Kuwait University , including (343) males and (206) females, were selected for the study.
Tools:	Screening tool for medical referrals, and as health information resource . The checklist included 236 items , grouped into 13 factors.
Results:	1- There were significant differences among males and females in health symptoms , which in females was higher than males in the following symptoms: Troubles sleeping, get sick often have fever or chills, skin drying out , loss of hair , Pain in eyes, earaches up nose , heartbeat seems irregular, frequent nausea or upset stomach , stomach pain , Diarrhoea or loose stools , Often thirsty, Bone pain, Headaches, Rarely exercise and Have a poor diet vitamins, while males are higher than females in Stuffed and Frequent cough occur. 2- There are no gender significant differences in the following health symptoms: Itching, change in vision , inflamed eyes, Runng nose, Nosebleeds, Sore gums, Toothache, Dry mouth, Pain in chest, Pain when taking a breath, Difficulty in breathing, Coughing spells, Have a lot of gas, Frequent stomach cramps, Constipation, Discomfort with heat or cold, Joint pain, Muscle pain, Back pain, Forgetting things, Having memory problems, Having trouble concentrating, Have had checkup in last year and do not smoke cigarettes..
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. (OP04/02).

Title:	Gender Differences in anxiety and Depression among Kuwait University Undergraduates
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:
Objectives/ Aims:	1. Prevalence of anxiety and depression among males and females. 2. Gender differences in anxiety and depression. 3. Identification of the most pronounced anxiety and depression symptoms among males and females.
Methods: Samples:	Two independent samples of Kuwait University undergraduates comprising (361) males and (742) females were used in the study.
Tools:	The Kuwait university Anxiety Scale(KUAS) and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI-II), were administered to the respondent.
Results:	1. the anxiety prevalence rates among Kuwait university undergraduate males was found to be 10.5% while for females it was 11.08%. 2. The depression prevalence rates among males was found to be 9.9% and in females 10.9%. 3. Significant gender differences concerning Anxiety and Depression were found among the respondent with females scoring higher than the males. 4. The most Pronounced Anxiety symptoms among Kuwait university undergraduates, irrespective of the gender variation, were found to be future anxiety, thinking of worrying changes, feeling of restlessness, nervousness, general anxiety, unstable feeling, pessimism, and strained nerves, uneasiness, and jittery feeling. 5. The most pronounced Depression symptoms among males and females, irrespective of the gender variation, included, changes in appetite, lack of pleasure, loss of energy, self criticism, self-dislike, irritability, agitation and indecisiveness.
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. (OP04/02).

Title:	The Prevalence of Dental Anxiety among Kuwait University Undergraduates.*
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:	Journal for educational Sciences, Damascus university, vol.20, No.3, 2004.
Objectives/ Aims:	The Study aimed at determining: 1. prevalence of dental anxiety among Kuwait University undergraduates. 2. gender differences in dental anxiety.
Methods: Samples:	Two independent samples of Kuwait university undergraduate were used in the study, the first sample comprised (1266) , and the second (638) from both sexes .
Tools:	Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS).
Results:	1. The Dental anxiety prevalence rates among Kuwait University undergraduate females was found to be 19% while it was found to be 12% for the males. 2. Significant gender differences were found in which females scored higher than males in dental anxiety.
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. (OP02/00).

Title:	Cultural Differences in Anxiety among undergraduates from Eighteen Arab Countries
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:	Arabic Studies in Psychology, Vol.1, No. 2, April 2002.
Objectives/ Aims:	The study aimed at determining: 1- Prevalence of anxiety and among undergraduates. 2- Cultural differences in anxiety in eighteen Arab countries.
Methods: Samples:	Eighteen independent samples of university undergraduates, recruited from18 Arab Countries: Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, U.A. Emirates, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, comprising (10345)males and females.
Tools:	Kuwait University Anxiety Scale.
Results:	1. The anxiety mean prevalence rates among university undergraduate was found to be (10.6%) for all samples, the highest prevalence sates in the following countries: Qatar, Sudan, Syria, Kuwait, , U.A. Emirates, Tunisia, Algeria, Yemen, Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Libya, Oman, Iraq, and Bahrain, respectively. 2. Significant cultural differences concerning Anxiety and was found among the respondents with the highest Anxiety means were for the following countries: Libya, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Tunisia, Lebanon ,Oman, Kuwait, U.A . Emirates, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Morocco, Yemen, Bahrain and Sudan respectively.
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. (OP03/04).

Title:	Gender Differences in Anxiety among Undergraduates from Sixteen Arab Countries
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:	The 11^th Annual conference of Counseling center proceeding, Ain Shams University, December 2004.
Objectives/ Aims:	The study aimed: 1. Prevalence of anxiety and among males and females. 2. Gender differences in anxiety.
Methods: Samples:	Sixteen independent samples of University undergraduates, recruited from 16 Arab Countries: Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, U.A. Emirates, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, comprising (3500) males and (3500) females, in the age range of 18-25 years, were used in the study.
Tools:	The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale was administered to the respondents KUAS.
Results:	1. The anxiety mean prevalence rates among university undergraduate males was found to be 11.24% while for females it was 11.50% without significant differences. 2. Significant gender differences concerning Anxiety and was found among the respondents with females scoring higher than the males in the following countries: Egypt, Iraq, Morocco, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Lebanon, Tunisia, Algeria, Yemen, and Syria, While there were no significant gender differences between male and female in the following countries: Palestine, U.A. Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Jordon.
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. (OP03/04).

Title:	Dental Anxiety and its relationship with personality variables among Kuwait University Undergraduates.*
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:	Journal of Education &Psychological Sciences 2004, 2,143-250 , Bahrain University. Bahrain.
Objectives/ Aims:	The Study aimed: 1. prevalence of dental anxiety among Kuwait University undergraduates. 2. Gender differences in dental anxiety. 3. Dental anxiety and its relation to certain personality traits such as: dental Fear, anxiety, neuroticism, pessimism, and Obsession. 4. Factor structure of characteristics of higher verses lower dental anxiety. 5. An identification of the most dental procedures provoked dental anxiety.
Methods: Samples:	Two independent samples of Kuwait University undergraduate were used in the study. The first sample comprised(1266), and the second( 638) from both sexes.
Tools:	1) Dental Anxiety scale (DAS). 2) Dental Anxiety Self-Test (DAST). 3) The Arabic Dental Fear Inventory (ADFI). 4) Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS). 5) Kuwait University Pessimism Scale (KUPS). 6) EPQ Neuroticism scale (EPQN). 7) The Arabic Obsessive-Compulsive scale. 8) Personal Information Sheet. The above scales presented satisfactory psychometric properties.
Results:	1) The Cronbach coefficient for ADFT was( 0.96) and the split-half coefficient was( 0.93), while the test retest coefficient was( 0.89) 2)The Factor structure of the ADFI presented in six factors for males and five factors for females. 3) The Dental fear prevalence rates among Kuwait University undergraduate females was found to be 12.8% while it was found to be 10.6% for the males 4) Significant gender differences were found in which females scored higher than males in dental fear. 5) Not being numb enough, pain, the drill, loosing teeth, dentist goes wrong , gun bleeding, nerve treatment, gum surgery, tooth damage, teeth drilling, and the operation failure offer the treatment were the most procedures provokes dental fears among Kuwait University undergraduates. 6) The study showed a significant difference in personality traits between the higher versus lower groups in dental fears with the higher in dental anxiety exhibiting tendencies of dental fear, anxiety, pessimism , neuroticism and obsession. 7) Dental fear significantly positively correlated with dental anxiety, anxiety, obsession, pessimism and neuroticism. 8) The factor structure of the personality scale reveles two factors (dental anxiety and fear/neuroticism).
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. (OP02/00).

Title:	A Study on the Prevalence of Nicotine Dependence among Kuwait University College Student
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:	Health Sciences center 2004. 9^th Annual Health Science Poster Confrere, April 2004
Objectives/ Aims:	This study examines the gender differences with regard to nicotine dependence among university students.
Methods: Samples:	A stratified sample of (338) Undergraduate students of Kuwait university,( 173) males and (165) females .
Tools:
Results:	1. Overall,10.5% males were found to be highly nicotine dependent, as compared to 10.2% females. 2. there was no significant difference Z=0429, in nicotine dependency proportions among males and females.
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. (OP01/00).

Title:	Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Dental Cognition Questionnaire
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:	Community Dental Health, Journal ,Accepted9/8/2004.UK.
Objectives/ Aims:	This study investigates the psychometric properties of the Arabic Version of the Dental Cognitions Questionnaire (DCQ).especially evolved for the purpose.
Methods: Samples:	The DCQ was administered to a total of (1266) Kuwait University undergraduate students , (348) males and (918) females , achieving high internal consistency
Tools:	dental fear (ADFI and DFS) and dental anxiety ( CDAS and DAST).
Results:	Factor analysis resulted in the eight factors each for males and females from the DCQ. The Arabic DCQ significantly and positively correlated with measure of dental fear (ADFI and DFS) and dental anxiety ( CDAS and DAST). Significant gender differences were observed among males and females with regard to 16 items of the DCQ. Overall, the females showed greater DCQ believability than males in general.
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. (OP02/00).

Title:	The Relationship between Anxiety and Cognitive style Measured On the Stroop Test
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:	Social Behavior and Personality, 2004, 32(3),281-292.
Objectives/ Aims:	This study examines the relationship between anxiety and cognitive style, as measured on the Stroop color-Word Test.
Methods: Samples:	A sample of (253) respondents.
Tools:	The Stroop Test and Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS).
Results:	The results showed no significant difference between the most an least anxious groups in cognitive style, indicating increased interference in both groups. These findings suggest the susceptibility of both groups to constricted cognitive style, and their propensity to interference effects on the Stroop test.
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Funding Institution:

Title:	Association between anxiety and gender with Mueller-Lyer illusion Perception
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:	Social Behavior and Personality, 2005, 33(2).
Objectives/ Aims:	This study aimed at investigating the relationship between anxiety, gender and the Mueller-Lyer illusion Perception.
Methods: Samples:	Sample of (242) undergraduate student (66 males and 176 females) of Kuwait University.
Tools:	Kuwait University Anxiety Scale(KUAS) and Muller-Lyer Perception and Horizontal –vertical illusion.
Results:	The overall analysis showed no significant difference between males and females with respect to most variables , a significant difference in anxiety was observed where females scored higher than males. no significant difference was found as regards the anxiety and gender relationship to degree of illusion.
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Funding Institution:

Title:	Internal Consistency of the Kuwait university anxiety Scale in ten Arab Countries
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:	Social Behavior and Personality, 2004,32,3,221-224.
Objectives/ Aims:	Study aimed to do this by examining the adequacy and internal consistency of the KUAS in the context of ten Arab countries.
Methods: Samples:	undergraduate students from ten Arab countries, namely, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Syria, UAE, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Jordan and Iraq. (N= 296, 340, 300, 203, 280, 290, 303, 285, 253 and 254) respectively .
Tools:	The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS). was administered to sample.
Results:	The coefficient alpha was computed for male and female respondents from the participating countries, and the combined values for males and females determined. The study showed that the scale ,by and large , was viable in the Arabic context and its use in cross-cultural research, though feasible, merits further exploration
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. (OP03/04).

Title:	Gender and cultural performance differences on the Stroop color and word test: A comparative study
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:	Social Behavior and Personality, 2004,32,3,233-244.
Objectives/ Aims:	This study primarily aimed at determining gender and Cross-cultural performance differences among Kuwait and British male and female subjects on the Stroop Color and word test.
Methods: Samples:	Total of 210 university students 140 Kuwaiti( 60 males, 80 females) and 70 British.(36 males, 34 females)
Tools:	Stroop Color and Word Test.
Results:	The study sought to validate the hypothesis that females by and large displayed more differential interference than did males across cultures , Kuwait college students displaying and achieving greater interference than did their British counterparts, with no gender differences observed on Stroop interference.
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Funding Institution:

Title:	Gender differences in anxiety among undergraduates from ten Arab countries
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:	Social Behavior and Personality, 2004,32,7 ,649-656.
Objectives/ Aims:	Study aimed to do this by examining the adequacy and internal consistency of the KUAS in the context of ten Arab countries.
Methods: Samples:	The Kuwait (296), Egypt (209),Saudi Arabia(300),Syria,(340)UAE,(203)Lebanon,(280) Oman,(303) Palestine(285 +253), Jordan(212) and Iraq(302).
Tools:	Kuwait University Anxiety Scale ( KUAS).
Results:	The salient gender differences were interpreted in the light of a socialization process; especially sex-typing and gender roles, KUAS score is significantly higher among females college students than is the mean score of their male counterparts in the seven countries : Kuwait , Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Egypt, Syria and Lebanon, on the other hand there were no significant gender differences among participants from Palestine, Jordan and Iraq.
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. (OP03/04).

Title:	The Development of An Arabic version of Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:	Bulletin of the Faculty of arts, 2003,63,2,159-196. Cairo university ,Egypt.
Objectives/ Aims:	The Study aimed at determining: 1. To introduce Dental Anxiety in the Arabic Literature and To develop an Arabic version of Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale. The Scale consisted of 4 items ( 5- Point Scale)
Methods: Samples:	The sample of Kuwait University undergraduate used in the study. Male comprised (696), and Female (1836) from both sexes
Tools:	Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS).
Results:	1. The Cronbach coefficient for CDAS was 0.83 and the split-half coefficient was 0.79, while the test retest coefficient was 0.93 2. The Factor structure of the CDAS presented in single factor for males and for females. 3. Dental anxiety significantly positively correlated with dental Fear, anxiety, obsession, pessimism and neuroticism. 4. Significant gender differences were found in which females scored higher than males in dental Anxiety.
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. (OP02/00).

Title:	Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Among Male Kuwait University Undergraduate Students
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:
Objectives/ Aims:	The Study aimed Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Among Male Kuwait University Undergraduate Students
Methods: Samples:	(777) male undergraduates were randomly selected from different faculties of Kuwait University
Tools:
Results:	The results showed 42.2% student to be cigarette smokers, and 56%nonsmkers.
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. ( ).

Title:	Gender Differences in Depression among Undergraduates from Seventeen Islamic Countries
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:
Objectives/ Aims:	The study investigated gender differences in depression volunteer undergraduates recruited from Seventeen Islamic Countries.
Methods: Samples:	Seventeen independent samples of university undergraduates, recruited from17 Arab Countries: Iraq, Syria , Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Algeria, Oman ,Qatar, Morocco, Kuwait, Lebanon, Palestine, U.A. Emirates Tunisia, Yemen, Jordan, and Sudan, comprising (N= 8972) males and females.
Tools:	Beck Depression Inventory-II.
Results:	Result indicated that there is significant gender differences in 10 Islamic countries out of 17 in which female tended to be higher in depression in the following Islamic countries: Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Pakistan, Algeria, Oman, Qatar, Morocco, Kuwait, and Lebanon. However, male significantly higher than females in Saudi Arabia, while there is no significant gender differences in depression in the following countries, Tunisia Palestine, U.A.Emieate, Yeman, Jordon and Sudan. The salient gender differences were interpreted in the light of a socialization process; especially sex-typing and gender roles.
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. ( ).

Title:	Relationship between Depression and Anxiety among Undergraduates Students in Eighteen Arabic Countries: Across Cultural Study
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:
Objectives/ Aims:	To have more understanding of the relationship between anxiety and depression, in Kuwait University
Methods: Samples:	4230 males and 4938 females in 18 Arab countries.
Tools:	Anxiety Scale(KUAS)and Beck Depression Inventory-II.
Results:	This finding may be due to the fact that anxiety and depression are often found correlated positively with depression even in non-clinical samples Findings are discussed in terms of previous research..
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. ( ).

Title:	Dental Differences in Anxiety among Undergraduates from Sixteen Islamic Countries
Author:	Prof. Bader M. Alansari
Publisher:
Objectives/ Aims:	The present study in vestigated gender differences in anxiety among volunteer undergraduates recruited from sixteen Islamic countries
Methods: Samples:	( N= 4869 ) Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Syria, Egypt, Algeria, Oman, Iraq, Yemen, Lebanon, Pakistan, Palestine, Kuwait, Morocco, Jordon, Sudan .and U.A.Emieate expect the Pakistan group , administrated the English version of KUAS.
Tools:	Kuwait university Anxiety Scale(KUAS).
Results:	There is significant gender differences in 6 Islamic countries out of 16 in which female tended to be higher in anxiety scale in the following Islamic countries : Qatar, Syria, Egypt, Algiers, Oman and Iraq, however male significantly higher than female in Saudi Arabia, while there is no significant differences in anxiety in the following countries, Yemen, Lebanon, Pakistan, Palestine, Kuwait, Morocco, Jordan , Sudan and UAE, Emirates. The salient gender differences were interpreted in the light of a socialization process; especially sex-typing and gender roles.
Recommendation:
Funding Institution:	Kuwait University- Research Administration Grant No. ( ).